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How does different types of screens differ from each other?


We all interact without computers, mobiles, televisions, and other devices with screens that let us visually see information, a screen takes input in form of a digital or analog signal and a picture is formed on that screen as the input informs the millions of pixels to be a certain colour each which forms an image, now there isn't only one type of screen, back in the day of CRT monitors, image was formed with help of one or more electron guns which made an image by firing an electron towards the front and the electron beam is then bent by magnetized anodes which bend the beam to the correct place and hit the phosphor which then lights up corresponding one pixel, well now these bulky, fat, bland CRT monitors are very outdated and replaced by slim and sleek OLED, LED, and other types screens, so now how do these screens work, well let's take a look at that.

LED vs LCD vs OLED vs QLED

What is LED?

LED (Light-emitting diode), came in the before QLEDs and OLEDs. They use LEDs to light up an LCD panel. Within the LED technology are two main types of them - IPS (In-Plane Switching) and VA (Vertical Alignment). Both have their own advantages and disadvantages; IPS offers better viewing angles, while VA has better contrast levels and works better in dark rooms. LED monitor uses light-emitting diodes for backlights. Some screen manufactures may offer local dimming, which means that parts of the screen can be darker to improve blacks. Though most LED screens just have a single backlight powering the entire LCD panel, and cause of this isn't capable of making the deep blacks the ones you see on OLED screens. Cause it has been around here for a while, it's the most affordable to manufacture and is cheap at all sizes and resolutions. You can easily get an LED screen sized at anywhere between 24 inches and 85 inches, or more. You might be able to get higher peak brightness on a good LED screen.

What is LCD?

Most LCD (Liquid crystal display) monitor uses fluorescent backlights. All LED screens are LCD screens. But not all LCD screens are LEDs. Every pixel is composed of two glass sheets, and the outermost sheet has subpixels. The liquid crystals are sandwiched between the two sheets. They have a backlight behind them that emits white light and as they’re in their liquid arrangement the light can’t pass through the liquid crystals. But when the pixel is in use, the monitor applies an electric current to the liquid crystals, which then straighten out and allow light to pass through them.

What is OLED?

OLED (Organic light-emitting diode) screen’s pixel can emit their own light individually. This lets them turn them completely off to show pure blacks. This gives them excellent picture quality and has wider viewing angles. Cause there's no backlight, OLED screens are thinner and have narrower bezels than other screen technologies. 

The 2 types of OLED are Passive Matrix OLED (PMOLED) and Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED). The display is controlled sequentially using a matrix addressing scheme meaning that only m + n control signals are required to address an m x n display in PMOLED. And in AMOLED they use a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) backplane that can switch individual pixels on and off. Cause individual pixels can’t be operated using PMOLED, and AMOLED has more advantages for higher resolution and larger sized displays.

What is QLED?

QLED (Quantum dot light-emitting diode) is able to make more heavily saturated and exactly defined primary colors from blue LEDs than you can get an imprecise light spectrum associated with white LEDs. QLED screens use traditional LCD panels lit by LEDs. Between the LCD layer and the backlight, a quantum dot layer filters the light to produce more pure and saturated colors. QLED is a marketing term used by a few companies, like Samsung and TCL, on their quantum dot TVs. This makes them make ‘watered down’ brightness and color intensity is the reason Quantum Dots are increasingly being adopted as the best color solution for high-quality high dynamic range LED/LCD screens. 

THE NEXT GEN

MicroLED and MiniLED

MicroLED is different from mini-LED. However, they're both new, mini-LED is a growth of existing LCD TV technology. It uses more and smaller LEDs as part of the backlight, but an LCD panel is still used to create an image. In MicroLED the LEDs themselves directly create the image. MicroLED screens are currently huge and expensive, but getting smaller and cheaper. MicroLED is similar to OLED. With OLED, each pixel has its own light, being able to turn on or off as required, providing incredible contrast and no light bleed on surrounding pixels. It's not just a darker black, it's off and there's no light. MicroLED achieves exactly the same results as it also has self-illuminating pixels. The Inorganic material used (gallium nitride), which enables the individual RGB LED sources to go brighter - and for longer. Brightness doesn’t tell how good a picture is, but it's has a major factor in the effectiveness of HDR (High Dynamic Range) content. MicroLED can illuminate way brighter than OLED, with a contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1.

Mini-LEDs use very small LEDs to produce the display’s light. This new technology comes back to traditional backlit LCD technology. Rather than using one large or multiple smaller nearby dimmed backlights, it uses thousands of tiny LED backlights to make a very superior local dimming characteristic. To get the Mini-LED classification, these backlight diodes measure less than 0.2mm correspondingly. Local dimming is very vital for LCD displays because backlight bleed leads to inferior blacks and contrast ratios associated with OLED displays, where individual pixels turn on and off. This is a hybrid approach that tries to emulate the emissive nature of OLED, but with less design complexity. It is LCD’s best shot to beat OLED. Don’t confuse this with Micro-LED technology though, which is more closely associated with OLED.



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