A new type of dark energy which may solve the mystery of expansion of universe

Universe has been expanding since the big bang, the expansion is ongoing, being stretched in all directions. And the expansion is caused due to Dark energy and it is causing it to accelerate the expansion rate. Dark energy makes up 70% of the universe, and the rest is Dark matter and the ordinary matter we are familiar with, which makes up everything we see. 

But physicists aren't able to conclude a result, as different measurements of the expansion rate of the universe in different ways lead to different results. So, according to several physicists, Martin S. Sloth, professor of cosmology at the University of Southern Denmark (SDU) suggests the existence of a new type of dark energy in the universe, and when that is taken into calculations the results are more alike. 

Martin S. Sloth says, "A new type of dark energy can solve the problem of the conflicting calculations"

When physicists calculate the expansion rate of the universe, they base their calculation on the assumption that the universe is made up of dark energy, dark matter, and ordinary matter. Which fitted without observations till now, but this is no longer the case. Looking at the latest data from the measurement of supernovae and the cosmic microwave background radiation, the two methods lead to different results.

"In our model, we find that if there was a new type of extra dark energy in the early universe, it would explain both the background radiation and the supernova measurements simultaneously and without contradiction," says Martin S. Sloth.

"We believe that in the early universe, dark energy existed in a different phase. You can compare it to when water is cooled and it undergoes a phase transition to the ice with a lower density,"

"In the same way, dark energy in our model undergoes a transition to a new phase with a lower energy density, thereby changing the effect of the dark energy on the expansion of the universe."

According to Martin S. Sloth and Niedermann's calculations, the results add up if you imagine that dark energy thus underwent a phase transition triggered by the expansion of the universe.

The phase transition is complete where many bubbles of the new phase appear and expand and collide. 

Refrence - DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.103.L041303